We hear about technology-enabled healthcare innovations constantly. Peloton’s camera for better strength training using vision AI; Microsoft’s acquisition of Nuance for conversational AI; Google using AI for drug-discovery; Amazon’s Amazon Care for employee health benefits; The list goes on.

When technology meets healthcare — arguably the most complex industry — some of us think of the status quo and regulations stifling innovation. We hear about an industry that adopts technological innovations such as digital technologies slowly compared to others. All this until a pandemic arrives, perhaps?

How do we connect the dots across all these technologies? It is more than just medical innovations and digital technologies. Keeping in mind that there is more to innovation than just technology, let’s explore how various technology innovations are reshaping healthcare.

This is a straightforward guide to making navigating technologies in healthcare easier so that the next time you hear about an innovation, you will know where to place it in the landscape of technology innovations in healthcare. This is not meant to be exhaustive, but directional.

Read on to see the infographic that puts multidimensional technological innovations in perspective.

A Top-Down View

We know innovation comes in many shapes and forms. To understand technological innovations in health care, we must look at the innovations from the vantage point of healthcare services we receive as consumers or patients.

Let me categorize the innovations into three broad areas as shown here:

1. Health Services: Primary care to specialty care, hospital care, diagnostics, and health insurance fall into this category

2. Products — Medical Devices and Drugs: Complex implants, surgical devices, wearables, vaccines, and even the common tongue-depressor that the clinician uses to examine us fall into this category of products.

3. Technologies: They fall into three categories — A) molecular technologies (chemical or biological), B) digital technologies (information & communication technologies), and C) materials (chemicals, plastics, metals, etc.)

Even simple health care services require the use of devices or drugs powered by these technologies. Think of the technologies inside the products used for routine medical care — blood pressure monitors, thermometers, x-ray machines, and medications.

We will use this hierarchy of services, products, and technologies to put in context the slew of technologies we will look at next.

1. Technology-enabled Services

Let us look at the type of innovations in each category of services, products, and technologies.

New and Existing Services Improved

How we think of innovations as fast or slow is relative to each of our baseline assumptions. Regardless, rest assured that the march of innovation is relentless.

Health Services Portfolio and Underlying Workflows

Some highlights from the services innovation include:

• Telemedicine: Covid unleashed a level of creativity and innovation in delivering care remotely, enabled by digital technologies
• Digital insurance: We are still in the early stages of ways to provide health insurance services using our individual data
• Surgery: Robot-assisted surgeries that augment clinicians are becoming more widespread.
• Rehabilitation: Services using apps abound. Exoskeletons and prosthetics driven by robotic technologies or new materials are proliferating.

Workflows and Processes

Service innovations require process changes and underlying workflows. These processes and workflows undergo dramatic change anytime a new medical device, drug, or technology is introduced.

Examples include:

• Clinical trials are made more accessible by mobile technologies to recruit participants and keep them engaged
• Drug discovery enabled by artificial intelligence (AI).
• Patient and clinician education using mobile, videos, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR)

2. Products: Medical Devices and Drugs

Medical devices and drugs comprise about 15% of US healthcare spending. Within these two markets, innovation continues, enabled by digital, molecular, and materials technologies.

Products powering health services

A classic blood pressure monitor becomes smart and connected, enabling a telehealth service. Wearable medical devices blur the lines between classic medical devices and consumer electronics. Diagnostic devices such as ultrasound machines become smaller and portable, making their use at points-of-care more prevalent.

COVID accelerated the journey from research to trials to productizing new therapies on the drug front. mRNA vaccines being the prime example. The trend of acceleration of development is slated to continue, taking advantage of the change in global collaboration, regulatory environment, and process digitization.

3. The Technologies

Depending on our industry perspectives, we may think of medical technologies as falling into “medical” vs. “digital”. Here, I have classified the technologies into three categories — molecular, digital, and material technologies.

All Tech in Healthcare

This article aims not to describe each technology exhaustively but to provide a sampling of what is brewing in each category.

There are exciting innovations in each category. Molecular technologies boast mRNA and genomics; digital holds promise with robotics and AI while materials maybe the unsung heroes in this group.

Select examples in material technologies include:

• Titanium or platinum in implants
• Nano-scale materials in batteries, sensors, or molecular technologies
• Polymers that makeup contact lenses
• Plastics in catheters used in minimally invasive surgeries
• Carbon in replacement heart valves

Just as drug discovery is being accelerated by AI, material discovery and testing are being boosted by AI. 3D printing offers exciting possibilities to create biomaterials for exoskeletons.

The convergence of these three technology realms — molecular, digital, and materials — with each reinforcing the other will be a tremendous boost for new health services and therapies in the next decade.

Applying the Guide as a Compass

This infographic puts together into one view the health care services, the products (drugs and devices), and the technologies.

Health Services, Products, Technologies

Here is how to use this guide to make sense of the innovations we discussed earlier -Peloton, Google, Amazon, or many others that will surely make headlines:

• Peloton is integrating digital technologies (vision AI) with their smart exercise equipment to offer wellness services
• Google uses digital technologies (AI and Cloud) to discover new drugs or enable others to discover drugs faster. Pharmaceutical companies are using digital and molecular technologies to find new therapies.
• Amazon is starting to offer services (employee benefits/insurance, pharmacy) using digital technologies, including Amazon Web Services.

This graphic also lets us see the alternative ways a medical solution can be introduced in the future using a one or more of these technologies.

For example, will we solve an orthopaedic issue on our knee using a 3D-printed metallic knee implant, an exoskeleton, or regenerative therapy?

The actual intervention would really depend on our specific condition and the availability of the technology when we need it.

In short, we are integrating technologies from molecular, digital, and materials categories to build new drugs and devices to deliver new health care services.

Summary

It may seem challenging to keep up with the pace of technological innovation unleashed in healthcare by combining technologies from molecular to digital to materials. Mapping these technologies to the wide portfolio of health services — insurance, primary care, surgery, etc. and their underlying workflows — clinical decision making, scheduling, drug discovery, etc. — will make it easy to apply innovations to improve our health care system and health outcomes.

Originally published at cxotechmagazine.com